Complex Numbers
GradesAlgebra II & TrigonometryComplex NumbersArithmetic with Complex Numbers

Arithmetic with Complex Numbers

🌀 Complex Numbers
🧮

Arithmetic with Complex Numbers

Add, subtract, multiply, and simplify expressions in the form a + bi.

A complex number has the form a + bi, where a is the real part and b is the imaginary part, and i = √(−1). The set of complex numbers ℂ contains all real numbers (when b = 0) and all purely imaginary numbers (when a = 0).

i=1i2=1(a+bi)+(c+di)=(a+c)+(b+d)ii = \sqrt{-1} \qquad i^2 = -1 \qquad (a+bi) + (c+di) = (a+c) + (b+d)i
(a+bi)(c+di)=ac+adi+bci+bdi2=(acbd)+(ad+bc)i(a+bi)(c+di) = ac + adi + bci + bdi^2 = (ac - bd) + (ad + bc)i
🔢Multiplying Complex Numbers
(3 + 2i)(1 − 4i) = 3 − 12i + 2i − 8i² = 3 − 10i − 8(−1) = 3 + 8 − 10i = 11 − 10i.
🔄

The complex conjugate of a + bi is a − bi. Their product is always real: (a + bi)(a − bi) = a² + b². Use conjugates to divide complex numbers.

a+bic+di=(a+bi)(cdi)(c+di)(cdi)=(ac+bd)+(bcad)ic2+d2\frac{a+bi}{c+di} = \frac{(a+bi)(c-di)}{(c+di)(c-di)} = \frac{(ac+bd)+(bc-ad)i}{c^2+d^2}
💡

Remember This!

To divide complex numbers, multiply both numerator and denominator by the conjugate of the denominator. This eliminates i from the denominator.

✏️ Try It!

What is (2 + 3i)(2 − 3i)?

Practice with CalcVerse
Take Quiz 📝 — 25 Questions