Grades Grade 4 Base Ten OperationsMulti-Digit Multiplication

Multi-Digit Multiplication

🏛️ Base Ten Operations

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Multi-Digit Multiplication

Multiply numbers with up to 4 digits by a 1-digit number using the standard algorithm!

The standard algorithm for multiplication breaks a large multiplication into steps by place value. We multiply each digit of the top number by the one-digit multiplier, carrying when a product exceeds 9.

Multiplying 2,346 × 7:

1Step 1 — Ones: 7 × 6 = 42. Write 2, carry 4.

2Step 2 — Tens: 7 × 4 = 28, plus 4 carried = 32. Write 2, carry 3.

3Step 3 — Hundreds: 7 × 3 = 21, plus 3 carried = 24. Write 4, carry 2.

4Step 4 — Thousands: 7 × 2 = 14, plus 2 carried = 16. Write 16.

5Answer: 16,422

2346 \times 7 = 16{,}422

📦Real-world problem

A warehouse stacks 1,254 boxes in each row.
There are 6 rows.
Total boxes = 1,254 × 6 = 7,524 boxes.

Partial Products Method

2,000 × 7 = 14,000300 × 7 = 2,10040 × 7 = 2806 × 7 = 42Total: 14,000 + 2,100 + 280 + 42 = 16,422

Standard Algorithm

Work digit by digit, right to leftCarry remainders to the next placeFaster once mastered!

Both methods give the same answer. Partial products show WHY the algorithm works.

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Remember This!

Always estimate before you multiply to catch big errors. 2,346 × 7 ≈ 2,000 × 7 = 14,000. Our answer of 16,422 is close to 14,000 — looks reasonable!

✏️ Try It!

What is 1,358 × 4?

Practice with CalcVerse

⬛Multiplication Grid

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