Grade 10 Geometry — Congruence Practice — Easy

Question 1 of 32Score 0/0Easy

Question 1 of 32: Which transformation slides every point of a figure the same distance in the same direction?

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Answer key for parents & teachers (32 questions)
  1. Which transformation slides every point of a figure the same distance in the same direction?Translation. A translation moves every point by the same vector (a, b), sliding the figure without turning or flipping it.
  2. A rigid motion preserves which two properties?Distance and angle measure. Rigid motions (isometries) preserve both distance (side lengths) and angle measure, keeping the figure congruent to the original.
  3. Which of the following is NOT a rigid motion?Dilation. Dilation changes the size of a figure (scales it), so it does not preserve distances and is not a rigid motion.
  4. What is the image of point P(−3, 5) after a translation by vector (4, −2)?(1, 3). Add the vector components: (−3 + 4, 5 + (−2)) = (1, 3).
  5. Reflecting point (2, −4) across the x-axis gives which image?(2, 4). Reflection across the x-axis maps (x, y) → (x, −y). So (2, −4) → (2, 4).
  6. Reflecting point (5, 3) across the line y = x gives which image?(3, 5). Reflection across y = x swaps coordinates: (x, y) → (y, x). So (5, 3) → (3, 5).
  7. A rotation of 180° about the origin maps (x, y) to which point?(−x, −y). A 180° rotation about the origin maps every point (x, y) to (−x, −y).
  8. Two figures are congruent if and only if one can be mapped onto the other by what type of transformation?A composition of rigid motions. Congruence is defined by the existence of a finite composition of rigid motions (translations, rotations, reflections) mapping one figure onto the other.
  9. SSS congruence requires how many pairs of equal sides?3. SSS (Side-Side-Side) requires all three pairs of corresponding sides to be equal.
  10. Which congruence criterion applies when two sides and the angle BETWEEN them are equal?SAS. SAS (Side-Angle-Side) requires two pairs of equal sides and the included angle (the angle between those sides) to be equal.
  11. Does SSA (Side-Side-Angle) always guarantee triangle congruence?No — it is the ambiguous case. SSA does not guarantee congruence — it is the ambiguous case where two different triangles may fit the given measurements.
  12. HL (Hypotenuse-Leg) congruence applies only to which type of triangles?Right triangles. HL requires one pair of equal hypotenuses and one pair of equal legs. It applies exclusively to right triangles.
  13. If △ABC ≅ △DEF, which angle corresponds to ∠B?∠E. In the congruence statement △ABC ≅ △DEF, vertices correspond in order: A↔D, B↔E, C↔F. So ∠B corresponds to ∠E.
  14. Which criterion uses two angles and a NON-included side?AAS. AAS (Angle-Angle-Side) uses two pairs of equal angles and one pair of equal sides, where the side is not between the two angles.
  15. Given △ABC and △DEF with AB = DE, BC = EF, and AC = DF, which criterion proves congruence?SSS. All three pairs of corresponding sides are equal, so SSS (Side-Side-Side) proves congruence.
  16. CPCTC stands for what?Corresponding Parts of Congruent Triangles are Congruent. CPCTC stands for "Corresponding Parts of Congruent Triangles are Congruent" — used after triangles are proven congruent to conclude individual parts are equal.
  17. In a two-column proof, what appears in the left column?Statements. A two-column proof has Statements in the left column and Reasons (justifications) in the right column.
  18. What is the first statement in almost every two-column proof?The given information. Proofs begin by stating the given information, which is justified by the reason "Given."
  19. What does the Reflexive Property state?a = a (any quantity equals itself). The Reflexive Property states every quantity is equal to itself: a = a. It is used to establish a shared side or angle in congruence proofs.
  20. What does the Symmetric Property state?If a = b then b = a. The Symmetric Property states if a = b then b = a — equality can be written in either order.
  21. What does the Transitive Property state?If a = b and b = c then a = c. The Transitive Property states if a = b and b = c, then a = c — equality is "passed through" a middle value.
  22. CPCTC can only be used in a proof AFTER what has been established?The triangles are congruent. CPCTC (Corresponding Parts of Congruent Triangles are Congruent) is a conclusion that follows from proven triangle congruence — it cannot be a reason before congruence is established.
  23. Which reason justifies: "M is the midpoint of AB, therefore AM = MB"?Definition of midpoint. The Definition of midpoint states that a midpoint divides a segment into two equal parts.
  24. A proof ends with "△ABC ≅ △DEF" justified by "SAS." What type of statement is this?The final conclusion. The final line of a proof states what was to be proved (the "Prove" statement). Here, △ABC ≅ △DEF is the conclusion of the proof.
  25. When two parallel lines are cut by a transversal, corresponding angles are:Congruent. Corresponding angles (same position at each intersection) are congruent when the lines are parallel.
  26. Co-interior (same-side interior) angles formed by a transversal cutting parallel lines are:Supplementary. Co-interior (same-side interior) angles are supplementary — they sum to 180° — when the lines are parallel.
  27. The sum of the interior angles of any triangle is:180°. The Triangle Angle-Sum Theorem states that the three interior angles of any triangle always add to 180°.
  28. In a parallelogram, opposite angles are:Congruent. In a parallelogram, opposite angles are congruent (equal). Consecutive angles are supplementary.
  29. The diagonals of a parallelogram:Bisect each other. In a parallelogram, the diagonals bisect each other — they cut each other at their midpoints.
  30. If two parallel lines are cut by a transversal and a co-interior angle is 110°, what is the other co-interior angle?70°. Co-interior angles sum to 180°. So the other angle is 180° − 110° = 70°.
  31. An exterior angle of a triangle equals:The sum of the two non-adjacent interior angles. The Exterior Angle Theorem states an exterior angle of a triangle equals the sum of the two remote (non-adjacent) interior angles.
  32. In a parallelogram, opposite sides are:Parallel and equal. By definition, a parallelogram has two pairs of opposite sides that are both parallel and equal in length.